{"format":"hypgraph/1-bundle","generator":"hypgraph 0.3.0","exported_at":"2026-10-24T20:50:45+00:00","complete":true,"redacted_events":0,"scope":{"inv":"","title":"whole graph"},"policy":{"reviewers":["whitehead"],"instrument":"lab","operator":"operator","importer":"importer","system":"system","max_creates_per_minute":60},"head":"da6b64b8a425ac98377a41d30c9003ef78d4e1736127ae44f609dba8357a2c41","events":[{"seq":1,"hash":"ee771069df0d3544a66df2ab183cd901dbc09a41a9e5924d6e8198f75584e876","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"066774c7abd009a7ccddf92bad4eb05b37c78aa659698d464689a35d35b4fb72\",\"code\":\"INV1\",\"inv\":\"\",\"type\":\"investigation\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\",\"ref\":\"inv-65f957aa\"}"},{"seq":2,"hash":"7a98d692a808124e81c21b27b8447e1be9440cc672c5bbd62c19d13390e3c33b","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"c2207658929c1da82dafeab4a63eb6a829d2addcc60f7d712c13dc0892ee16a6\",\"code\":\"Q1\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"question\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"ee771069df0d3544a66df2ab183cd901dbc09a41a9e5924d6e8198f75584e876\",\"ref\":\"n02f027f7667d\"}"},{"seq":3,"hash":"638dd5b7e317529486acfe284eb858372fb0e308248f7733190b9e4f7f81ec6c","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"b28e3344e531676bbe38d9a4a56cd38bd37ce2a245a7d6ba0d34d0a1b169d6ba\",\"code\":\"H1\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"hypothesis\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"7a98d692a808124e81c21b27b8447e1be9440cc672c5bbd62c19d13390e3c33b\",\"ref\":\"n5f1217f3d4f6\"}"},{"seq":4,"hash":"5d9ab1aa7a5ab9236b8c7a758a20993becd6b4058525cf726c0439ee7b2c4eb1","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n02f027f7667d\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":1,\"rel\":\"answers\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"638dd5b7e317529486acfe284eb858372fb0e308248f7733190b9e4f7f81ec6c\",\"ref\":\"n5f1217f3d4f6\"}"},{"seq":5,"hash":"722f411be4118f24284d712b4e848d2fff9b8321e9d9db35e09e71931d9a9300","body":"{\"actor\":\"farr\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"40b325bdb75362600d031d40d927c7f3537bb60cf991a11fb3828cba931c5a70\",\"code\":\"H2\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"hypothesis\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"5d9ab1aa7a5ab9236b8c7a758a20993becd6b4058525cf726c0439ee7b2c4eb1\",\"ref\":\"nfb64ab6c98f1\"}"},{"seq":6,"hash":"d19584955ece7dbd2f93844637a77d790fb33784687f76882d2a769b1a4cebd6","body":"{\"actor\":\"farr\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n02f027f7667d\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":2,\"rel\":\"answers\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"722f411be4118f24284d712b4e848d2fff9b8321e9d9db35e09e71931d9a9300\",\"ref\":\"nfb64ab6c98f1\"}"},{"seq":7,"hash":"a27605232dc389fb40b1311deead9ace720101d98193fe0db06b03846741969a","body":"{\"actor\":\"farr\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n5f1217f3d4f6\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":3,\"rel\":\"alternative_to\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"d19584955ece7dbd2f93844637a77d790fb33784687f76882d2a769b1a4cebd6\",\"ref\":\"nfb64ab6c98f1\"}"},{"seq":8,"hash":"b2e7457329af7f326dce0023c4feb62a2717b52969551685d4c5638c73a3432d","body":"{\"actor\":\"farr\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"1ab957791cd1541e5df0101a2ab2de2178b77b6294fa9165097e9a74a6dfd5c2\",\"code\":\"RS1\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"result\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"a27605232dc389fb40b1311deead9ace720101d98193fe0db06b03846741969a\",\"ref\":\"n36fa646073c6\"}"},{"seq":9,"hash":"82b8faba5c456900446b352c15d2b46df717bbf008c824cc9994677a2d78b40e","body":"{\"actor\":\"farr\",\"at\":\"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nfb64ab6c98f1\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":4,\"rel\":\"supports\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"b2e7457329af7f326dce0023c4feb62a2717b52969551685d4c5638c73a3432d\",\"ref\":\"n36fa646073c6\"}"},{"seq":10,"hash":"15e90f7788fdc958e89903dd478a7362bbd73bd8aff5d4733d11c9424f69b0a0","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"d89230ed3fdd590e94c6ab3b1502227e2bb89b736e87489445ae81ee368949af\",\"code\":\"X1\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"experiment\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"82b8faba5c456900446b352c15d2b46df717bbf008c824cc9994677a2d78b40e\",\"ref\":\"n0d665e810e99\"}"},{"seq":11,"hash":"9b587654435c91236b965a83d01f82cbdd048176749ccc187facc6ccdc97f87d","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"75be03dcdc51865af1f9b5be03ea77e7a6fb42c4615cf0656edd2aa870e2a70b\",\"dst\":\"n5f1217f3d4f6\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":5,\"rel\":\"tests\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"15e90f7788fdc958e89903dd478a7362bbd73bd8aff5d4733d11c9424f69b0a0\",\"ref\":\"n0d665e810e99\"}"},{"seq":12,"hash":"f2dec538377f5ee437f5306c00671363722f352a26cdd581885ae0ffc00993c7","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"feee6c025e17338f8460cbe5cc84442a52b4a1a46a8f343ffbd2f809a171963a\",\"dst\":\"nfb64ab6c98f1\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":6,\"rel\":\"tests\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"9b587654435c91236b965a83d01f82cbdd048176749ccc187facc6ccdc97f87d\",\"ref\":\"n0d665e810e99\"}"},{"seq":13,"hash":"99136c6b09fa6dac487f132ccbc99b57fd2333b9d1a5e440c7c81971d7d4d09b","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"b716f72c0b62d86eddbb0f93b28450c8f80a6f3581958040384e7a3ae2207c27\",\"code\":\"RUN1\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"run\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"f2dec538377f5ee437f5306c00671363722f352a26cdd581885ae0ffc00993c7\",\"ref\":\"n537505a6fd50\"}"},{"seq":14,"hash":"001c74d041ecdbd8d6ac729e32d372e6a69c404580d712f133b160adc12e848e","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n0d665e810e99\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":7,\"rel\":\"executes\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"99136c6b09fa6dac487f132ccbc99b57fd2333b9d1a5e440c7c81971d7d4d09b\",\"ref\":\"n537505a6fd50\"}"},{"seq":15,"hash":"c4e1cd2c51a6a70d687fa364e4cbd54f1063daec8c2a11428eec3738f11e7fe7","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"6931322d4e7731cb6d2b22cacf562863fdda121025da4cf5645f9b8aca03f77e\",\"code\":\"RS2\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"result\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"001c74d041ecdbd8d6ac729e32d372e6a69c404580d712f133b160adc12e848e\",\"ref\":\"n3cf24d64db34\"}"},{"seq":16,"hash":"0e35e394f9fd0593d6d56f3670b02dcfcc05593826589c900ffc6b478b767432","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n3cf24d64db34\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":8,\"rel\":\"produced\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"c4e1cd2c51a6a70d687fa364e4cbd54f1063daec8c2a11428eec3738f11e7fe7\",\"ref\":\"n537505a6fd50\"}"},{"seq":17,"hash":"605cb14a7889fddaece047f669089142149f08c2fe2cf6aa21d6ec681a73aed6","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"4282ea4735870aa0132a379b46db2b1b018e0b22fca1a10959ea33896142f853\",\"code\":\"RS3\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"result\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"0e35e394f9fd0593d6d56f3670b02dcfcc05593826589c900ffc6b478b767432\",\"ref\":\"ncc19af423ed7\"}"},{"seq":18,"hash":"74a94bebc8729ade3714cc34e754ed34cdb61f981e2dffa0097d9800cd6147a8","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"ncc19af423ed7\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":9,\"rel\":\"produced\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"605cb14a7889fddaece047f669089142149f08c2fe2cf6aa21d6ec681a73aed6\",\"ref\":\"n537505a6fd50\"}"},{"seq":19,"hash":"0d8cfd35669a0ec53709eb35b87f947b17ad70e2cd83942fe860e18ffa5118c9","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"067a1cbb412bdd24242cbaaa07e112b0c0fd95c81a304eedbf5d91dd1fe318d0\",\"code\":\"RS4\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"result\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"74a94bebc8729ade3714cc34e754ed34cdb61f981e2dffa0097d9800cd6147a8\",\"ref\":\"n09a5133c39e4\"}"},{"seq":20,"hash":"6463666cabfb0ebef4d2764eab7096f563d34e4c7039fc113d89946d87c973e2","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n09a5133c39e4\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":10,\"rel\":\"produced\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"0d8cfd35669a0ec53709eb35b87f947b17ad70e2cd83942fe860e18ffa5118c9\",\"ref\":\"n537505a6fd50\"}"},{"seq":21,"hash":"709994a6acf781f02626ae052264e04ae12c8dadd4f6e10ada70d2e8eb20596e","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"8e186a044ddfea7a8adc013357490eb1b03e9d3e0aa6bf1853e1708d33f9e46d\",\"code\":\"CL1\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"claim\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"6463666cabfb0ebef4d2764eab7096f563d34e4c7039fc113d89946d87c973e2\",\"ref\":\"nb295aca65b02\"}"},{"seq":22,"hash":"3ac2dad1f878a4c6b5051abd280faaff496dd45fb80ac4c592413a58774e7b40","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":11,\"rel\":\"supports\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"709994a6acf781f02626ae052264e04ae12c8dadd4f6e10ada70d2e8eb20596e\",\"ref\":\"n3cf24d64db34\"}"},{"seq":23,"hash":"b73d6f43b45e470fcc18c58afabaed56d8e2cdb21c609acd036c200415f5e7bd","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":12,\"rel\":\"supports\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"3ac2dad1f878a4c6b5051abd280faaff496dd45fb80ac4c592413a58774e7b40\",\"ref\":\"ncc19af423ed7\"}"},{"seq":24,"hash":"f3dc80c8b4ef020ab602400f08fdc6bddbddd982be054dd77e5580c65a8a4db8","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":13,\"rel\":\"supports\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"b73d6f43b45e470fcc18c58afabaed56d8e2cdb21c609acd036c200415f5e7bd\",\"ref\":\"n09a5133c39e4\"}"},{"seq":25,"hash":"8d4035194439f1d5efa98b2747a9bf662688ff631ab59d22b434e3365bbeae1d","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"review\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"1def23cb9e7c127c663694016f443103033f575a78d69551327809b56258b842\",\"official\":true,\"on_v\":1,\"review\":\"nae8360e1754b\",\"verdict\":\"objection\"},\"prev\":\"f3dc80c8b4ef020ab602400f08fdc6bddbddd982be054dd77e5580c65a8a4db8\",\"ref\":\"nb295aca65b02\"}"},{"seq":26,"hash":"828e14256e721135979a58a8ee1b4436e936ff43d81aa62e102b24f270652e4d","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":14,\"rel\":\"reviews\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"8d4035194439f1d5efa98b2747a9bf662688ff631ab59d22b434e3365bbeae1d\",\"ref\":\"nae8360e1754b\"}"},{"seq":27,"hash":"321bffb162bed5654e9d3d5b9e7f33b700eb14de40f5129e7a197ad7dbf181b7","body":"{\"actor\":\"guardians\",\"at\":\"1854-09-08T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"3f24d2b728250666fabfbb2d7c4c1d5e599cb8cdf2a19ffaed010c5e6e50e86a\",\"code\":\"D1\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"decision\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"828e14256e721135979a58a8ee1b4436e936ff43d81aa62e102b24f270652e4d\",\"ref\":\"n8c30c6785bb7\"}"},{"seq":28,"hash":"41d31e50e72d4d642710ce95fc1543ba7fa74387517b14111c32aa93a33ac7c0","body":"{\"actor\":\"guardians\",\"at\":\"1854-09-08T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":15,\"rel\":\"based_on\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"321bffb162bed5654e9d3d5b9e7f33b700eb14de40f5129e7a197ad7dbf181b7\",\"ref\":\"n8c30c6785bb7\"}"},{"seq":29,"hash":"5411fe3ab77410b76e016ed3b129338e4df6db235e09f4a67365fdd20d5ea754","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"7ddab7cae32236f51b7f19eb577b64d4aab99a6bd472c2a4b1711f9d08b7ad7f\",\"code\":\"A1\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"artifact\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"41d31e50e72d4d642710ce95fc1543ba7fa74387517b14111c32aa93a33ac7c0\",\"ref\":\"a-f2bcc57fcb74269f\"}"},{"seq":30,"hash":"ee92b29d8d393a7e483fee6b68c3892510c82bcb6043b32aefc01283699505ef","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"383cab8b73002b6db0f6bdda74b72871c2e92d1eb59763b65522d78366285689\",\"code\":\"X2\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"experiment\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"5411fe3ab77410b76e016ed3b129338e4df6db235e09f4a67365fdd20d5ea754\",\"ref\":\"n3c1f1e0e03c6\"}"},{"seq":31,"hash":"acec1c1d178f447f9e792f88e82ae50e46ded2ef35aa34ce1f6336a51b949e1e","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"8926775acddd7724eb4451b8af8f75134c0ec6a2771c87033572be0c3f13c0bf\",\"dst\":\"n5f1217f3d4f6\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":16,\"rel\":\"tests\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"ee92b29d8d393a7e483fee6b68c3892510c82bcb6043b32aefc01283699505ef\",\"ref\":\"n3c1f1e0e03c6\"}"},{"seq":32,"hash":"87789a88dc7d76dbf0746c42670331360bb2ec3a87d169468be0f96c1bfc377c","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"428b073c07c7ff5ea91efc3fdbd27d60278dd6aa239168e740f33b225cd602ac\",\"dst\":\"nfb64ab6c98f1\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":17,\"rel\":\"tests\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"acec1c1d178f447f9e792f88e82ae50e46ded2ef35aa34ce1f6336a51b949e1e\",\"ref\":\"n3c1f1e0e03c6\"}"},{"seq":33,"hash":"97357f8778d4072bd49a8fcc1e0e4da0134b59c6cb5dad052584bac7f3b40c28","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"3ed911dcd93e1dab4955dd48d583d18ff0fff10f8bfc130631cdaa623b6842ed\",\"code\":\"RUN2\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"run\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"87789a88dc7d76dbf0746c42670331360bb2ec3a87d169468be0f96c1bfc377c\",\"ref\":\"nd954e2844e39\"}"},{"seq":34,"hash":"635c813f4369900c4fed505be9b3693ac2576c627fe2cdf4b53eb96d636a6392","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n3c1f1e0e03c6\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":18,\"rel\":\"executes\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"97357f8778d4072bd49a8fcc1e0e4da0134b59c6cb5dad052584bac7f3b40c28\",\"ref\":\"nd954e2844e39\"}"},{"seq":35,"hash":"caa747466ddef767c5aa2d5b760b62aeceb5bf72fafaed08cc33b42c614e1aa9","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"61fef1271914f7ffb57d025faa8e03cacc5bb567ac556075dcb0aaee9035406d\",\"dst\":\"a-f2bcc57fcb74269f\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":19,\"rel\":\"uses\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"635c813f4369900c4fed505be9b3693ac2576c627fe2cdf4b53eb96d636a6392\",\"ref\":\"nd954e2844e39\"}"},{"seq":36,"hash":"a2a6c970483d9df2a6f0e34adc51557e5dca653dd1e3cc3ae0a0f04a92ec352d","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"0481f7b399ae233f36095af327ed4aa9a7b1d073033a81f8d038e80a255c3132\",\"code\":\"RS5\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"result\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"caa747466ddef767c5aa2d5b760b62aeceb5bf72fafaed08cc33b42c614e1aa9\",\"ref\":\"ne5e4c27bb25d\"}"},{"seq":37,"hash":"cafdf2b48b3dd356c0c6962d14c540b4a884b4bdc3a03034becaee61b07c6898","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"ne5e4c27bb25d\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":20,\"rel\":\"produced\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"a2a6c970483d9df2a6f0e34adc51557e5dca653dd1e3cc3ae0a0f04a92ec352d\",\"ref\":\"nd954e2844e39\"}"},{"seq":38,"hash":"dc5326cbad5319264ca0da2a4e94473fd9b626764ca4dbf15d26abc2a054d731","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n5f1217f3d4f6\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":21,\"rel\":\"supports\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"cafdf2b48b3dd356c0c6962d14c540b4a884b4bdc3a03034becaee61b07c6898\",\"ref\":\"ne5e4c27bb25d\"}"},{"seq":39,"hash":"31a995adfdd2be65850651f399eb57cd90f8a051464e6ee7bd16e45be1ace77c","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nfb64ab6c98f1\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":22,\"rel\":\"challenges\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"dc5326cbad5319264ca0da2a4e94473fd9b626764ca4dbf15d26abc2a054d731\",\"ref\":\"ne5e4c27bb25d\"}"},{"seq":40,"hash":"4dbbab5b95396cea8dbac6186993caa6bf4e0bd96886e05c3f6648e9fa4956b5","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"51fa21ee90834ab88232c32b76e0123553bd83f03ae1e67a6f976cd5aed77256\",\"code\":\"CL2\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"claim\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"31a995adfdd2be65850651f399eb57cd90f8a051464e6ee7bd16e45be1ace77c\",\"ref\":\"na93bcbad24e4\"}"},{"seq":41,"hash":"e7a8239ad73a36853676e7b262d7079ecda32e0b18a9b623d14ae06c73e17cc0","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"na93bcbad24e4\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":23,\"rel\":\"supports\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"4dbbab5b95396cea8dbac6186993caa6bf4e0bd96886e05c3f6648e9fa4956b5\",\"ref\":\"ne5e4c27bb25d\"}"},{"seq":42,"hash":"36cd746fd528cb61fe7973c0042d62648af9cb7c71891bd4d660f088163e99e1","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":24,\"rel\":\"requires\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"e7a8239ad73a36853676e7b262d7079ecda32e0b18a9b623d14ae06c73e17cc0\",\"ref\":\"na93bcbad24e4\"}"},{"seq":43,"hash":"a80e30962591de0832ea3e13629e4b6048b613a318fa2e40d580616ad2a4f4e5","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"f8409b85cf26943818599c67dffafac53ae7d0078dc7d82c9980248b015848ef\",\"code\":\"RUN3\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"run\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"36cd746fd528cb61fe7973c0042d62648af9cb7c71891bd4d660f088163e99e1\",\"ref\":\"n1ba22d6c7fe1\"}"},{"seq":44,"hash":"93e64e61e25e646d41f479025abcef420586f28bea8ffc4db4ff7d7c62065b39","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"8c37775303783d8d3b376914f4e651b55b59e18b90672824c0cd4665358fd3c0\",\"dst\":\"n537505a6fd50\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":25,\"rel\":\"replicates\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"a80e30962591de0832ea3e13629e4b6048b613a318fa2e40d580616ad2a4f4e5\",\"ref\":\"n1ba22d6c7fe1\"}"},{"seq":45,"hash":"6a0339f778117267d84773b04057262915dcb98a8f80dfac87247fb4d2f38d0b","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n0d665e810e99\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":26,\"rel\":\"executes\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"93e64e61e25e646d41f479025abcef420586f28bea8ffc4db4ff7d7c62065b39\",\"ref\":\"n1ba22d6c7fe1\"}"},{"seq":46,"hash":"f0abf57d27b29f1bdd1f737cbe7b6ee1addc468d78f04c9559df31af2a736187","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"72a735a4bad46662103fdefc400182108ac9e04bbc3b73395908d984d87cf7f4\",\"code\":\"RS6\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"result\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"6a0339f778117267d84773b04057262915dcb98a8f80dfac87247fb4d2f38d0b\",\"ref\":\"n335ea5d8b273\"}"},{"seq":47,"hash":"31534a090c30bc5a8ebbe8b4837e95ff7ba41102948cc86001ed87ff8a4ed0c4","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"n335ea5d8b273\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":27,\"rel\":\"produced\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"f0abf57d27b29f1bdd1f737cbe7b6ee1addc468d78f04c9559df31af2a736187\",\"ref\":\"n1ba22d6c7fe1\"}"},{"seq":48,"hash":"6697d3877bc14f35bfd1569211efe5e9bf13a704ac79b472e2f160c091fe933f","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":28,\"rel\":\"supports\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"31534a090c30bc5a8ebbe8b4837e95ff7ba41102948cc86001ed87ff8a4ed0c4\",\"ref\":\"n335ea5d8b273\"}"},{"seq":49,"hash":"36404829498b21099b81e8018f2e77cd95a0fc92c351902326e3e39e944b957b","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"review\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"579cdcb753a2522045189b4b9a8aea5f7f1653948e342f6dd3df5d05e1d44892\",\"official\":true,\"on_v\":1,\"review\":\"n568f5620d11d\",\"verdict\":\"resolved\"},\"prev\":\"6697d3877bc14f35bfd1569211efe5e9bf13a704ac79b472e2f160c091fe933f\",\"ref\":\"nb295aca65b02\"}"},{"seq":50,"hash":"3159992808653ad855a59296b52d870f3427925185df4aa7c29c2c3cd563175b","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":29,\"rel\":\"reviews\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"36404829498b21099b81e8018f2e77cd95a0fc92c351902326e3e39e944b957b\",\"ref\":\"n568f5620d11d\"}"},{"seq":51,"hash":"1b1c802f0b0d5b4c922ca2c91746cf31ce356da87c8e0f40156da7a950900a74","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"review\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"39ef7879c3bfdd4e65397ba7cf3275b63c1e2ad1d671f16b308c9d4cdc0522ac\",\"official\":true,\"on_v\":1,\"review\":\"n18f1faf14c7a\",\"verdict\":\"replicated\"},\"prev\":\"3159992808653ad855a59296b52d870f3427925185df4aa7c29c2c3cd563175b\",\"ref\":\"nb295aca65b02\"}"},{"seq":52,"hash":"f8d4434eb026adbfe77d9be1d9b0bffc3fa4eb10cb41e1cb85606e58ed4df8c1","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":30,\"rel\":\"reviews\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"1b1c802f0b0d5b4c922ca2c91746cf31ce356da87c8e0f40156da7a950900a74\",\"ref\":\"n18f1faf14c7a\"}"},{"seq":53,"hash":"40dc9b0e613c911afaf8c3c2b0352e96895ecd0e1c81206c6bc5d1e55167cea5","body":"{\"actor\":\"snow\",\"at\":\"1855-06-01T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"revise\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"27c40ab050a5b97d8d0a16e1c10385c12d339a1dfb81be71a8feb2bf5ba970a4\",\"reason\":\"State a limit Snow himself noted: the outbreak was already falling.\",\"v\":2},\"prev\":\"f8d4434eb026adbfe77d9be1d9b0bffc3fa4eb10cb41e1cb85606e58ed4df8c1\",\"ref\":\"nb295aca65b02\"}"},{"seq":54,"hash":"6ab381b7c1535c297a2434cf020b2cee79af5aa144fdc3ddde4b4b28ffff6dcb","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-06-10T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"review\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"80b72348559aeae94654b6f58a9f920a12c777e7874297d14c87111afb78d54c\",\"official\":true,\"on_v\":2,\"review\":\"n3e9f79b3f56a\",\"verdict\":\"checked\"},\"prev\":\"40dc9b0e613c911afaf8c3c2b0352e96895ecd0e1c81206c6bc5d1e55167cea5\",\"ref\":\"nb295aca65b02\"}"},{"seq":55,"hash":"91b6faaeb6509c91cc9cea074a6aadd9e89a88fca64f36148f0a45b95734afe6","body":"{\"actor\":\"whitehead\",\"at\":\"1855-06-10T10:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"nb295aca65b02\",\"dst_v\":2,\"edge\":31,\"rel\":\"reviews\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"6ab381b7c1535c297a2434cf020b2cee79af5aa144fdc3ddde4b4b28ffff6dcb\",\"ref\":\"n3e9f79b3f56a\"}"},{"seq":56,"hash":"2b13e1b92f5e5e1c562d856cf472995ea0498bd6c710b7e0a65d5385c3783643","body":"{\"actor\":\"you\",\"at\":\"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"create\",\"payload\":{\"body_sha\":\"5b52f3bac733844ee18835329859677d198190f365dc414fbd733ac2ffcb07b4\",\"code\":\"X3\",\"inv\":\"inv-65f957aa\",\"type\":\"experiment\",\"v\":1},\"prev\":\"91b6faaeb6509c91cc9cea074a6aadd9e89a88fca64f36148f0a45b95734afe6\",\"ref\":\"n9dfe8b1ca19d\"}"},{"seq":57,"hash":"39862be7e304b7905c8a37f59c27b1e60880d450f5b003dd7811dbda72bb3bac","body":"{\"actor\":\"you\",\"at\":\"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"5967c186c4a2bdeaada193249b6469fbefe8d944b4aba9f898f21dd21f92bb99\",\"dst\":\"n5f1217f3d4f6\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":32,\"rel\":\"tests\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"2b13e1b92f5e5e1c562d856cf472995ea0498bd6c710b7e0a65d5385c3783643\",\"ref\":\"n9dfe8b1ca19d\"}"},{"seq":58,"hash":"df788347c3013a8e79ae4964b67163ebeb6494ae16c6bfa7bd0db3da1b4ac637","body":"{\"actor\":\"you\",\"at\":\"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"8f0fa0b762953aa34fe96b246d594b894eed98ac636003e8f457b1cf3b62b2a6\",\"dst\":\"nfb64ab6c98f1\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":33,\"rel\":\"tests\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"39862be7e304b7905c8a37f59c27b1e60880d450f5b003dd7811dbda72bb3bac\",\"ref\":\"n9dfe8b1ca19d\"}"},{"seq":59,"hash":"da6b64b8a425ac98377a41d30c9003ef78d4e1736127ae44f609dba8357a2c41","body":"{\"actor\":\"you\",\"at\":\"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00\",\"kind\":\"link\",\"payload\":{\"data_sha\":\"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a\",\"dst\":\"na93bcbad24e4\",\"dst_v\":1,\"edge\":34,\"rel\":\"motivated_by\",\"src_v\":1},\"prev\":\"df788347c3013a8e79ae4964b67163ebeb6494ae16c6bfa7bd0db3da1b4ac637\",\"ref\":\"n9dfe8b1ca19d\"}"}],"nodes":[{"id":"inv-65f957aa","type":"investigation","code":"INV1","inv":"","created_at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"n02f027f7667d","type":"question","code":"Q1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"n5f1217f3d4f6","type":"hypothesis","code":"H1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"nfb64ab6c98f1","type":"hypothesis","code":"H2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","created_by":"farr"},{"id":"n36fa646073c6","type":"result","code":"RS1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","created_by":"farr"},{"id":"n0d665e810e99","type":"experiment","code":"X1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"n537505a6fd50","type":"run","code":"RUN1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"n3cf24d64db34","type":"result","code":"RS2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"ncc19af423ed7","type":"result","code":"RS3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"n09a5133c39e4","type":"result","code":"RS4","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"nb295aca65b02","type":"claim","code":"CL1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"nae8360e1754b","type":"review","code":"RV1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"whitehead"},{"id":"n8c30c6785bb7","type":"decision","code":"D1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-09-08T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"guardians"},{"id":"a-f2bcc57fcb74269f","type":"artifact","code":"A1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","type":"experiment","code":"X2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"nd954e2844e39","type":"run","code":"RUN2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"ne5e4c27bb25d","type":"result","code":"RS5","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"na93bcbad24e4","type":"claim","code":"CL2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"snow"},{"id":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","type":"run","code":"RUN3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"whitehead"},{"id":"n335ea5d8b273","type":"result","code":"RS6","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"whitehead"},{"id":"n568f5620d11d","type":"review","code":"RV2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"whitehead"},{"id":"n18f1faf14c7a","type":"review","code":"RV3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"whitehead"},{"id":"n3e9f79b3f56a","type":"review","code":"RV4","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"1855-06-10T10:00:00+00:00","created_by":"whitehead"},{"id":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","type":"experiment","code":"X3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","created_at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","created_by":"you"}],"versions":[{"node":"inv-65f957aa","v":1,"at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"objective\":\"Find out how cholera passes from person to person — through the air of a district, or through water contaminated by the sick.\",\"reviewers\":[\"whitehead\"],\"scope\":\"London, the 1854 epidemic: the Golden Square (Soho) outbreak and the south London water supply.\",\"success_criteria\":\"An observation that one hypothesis predicts and the other forbids.\",\"title\":\"How does cholera spread? Broad Street, 1854\"}"},{"node":"n02f027f7667d","v":1,"at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"text\":\"How is cholera communicated?\",\"why\":\"If it travels in water, cleaning the air does nothing; if in air, the water is no help.\"}"},{"node":"n5f1217f3d4f6","v":1,"at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"predictions\":[\"Deaths follow the water supply, not the air: neighbours on different water die at different rates.\",\"People near a contaminated source who drink other water are spared.\"],\"statement\":\"Cholera is spread by swallowing something from the evacuations of the sick, most widely through drinking water contaminated with sewage.\"}"},{"node":"nfb64ab6c98f1","v":1,"at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","by":"farr","reason":"","body":"{\"predictions\":[\"Mortality depends on the district's elevation and air, whatever water people drink.\"],\"statement\":\"Cholera is caused by a poison in the air (miasma) of low-lying, crowded districts, so mortality falls as elevation rises.\"}"},{"node":"n36fa646073c6","v":1,"at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","by":"farr","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"observed\",\"limitations\":\"Low districts also drew their water from the most polluted reaches of the Thames.\",\"outcome\":\"positive\",\"summary\":\"Across London's registration districts in the 1849 epidemic, cholera mortality fell steadily as elevation above the Thames rose.\"}"},{"node":"n0d665e810e99","v":1,"at":"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"aim\":\"Find what the victims of the Golden Square outbreak had in common.\",\"controls\":\"Groups living among the deaths who drew water elsewhere — the Poland Street workhouse has its own well.\",\"method\":\"house-to-house inquiry\",\"protocol\":\"Take every cholera death in the district from the General Register Office returns, visit each house, ask where the household drew its water, and mark each death on a street map with the pumps.\",\"success_criteria\":\"The deaths either cluster on one water source or they don't.\"}"},{"node":"n537505a6fd50","v":1,"at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"agent\",\"name\":\"House-to-house inquiry, Golden Square district, September 1854\",\"note\":\"Snow's own inquiry, reported by him (an agent-reported run, in the record's terms).\",\"state\":\"succeeded\"}"},{"node":"n3cf24d64db34","v":1,"at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"observed\",\"outcome\":\"positive\",\"summary\":\"Of 535 inmates of the Poland Street workhouse, which had its own well, 5 died of cholera, though the houses around it were struck hard.\",\"values\":{\"workhouse\":{\"k\":5,\"n\":535}}}"},{"node":"ncc19af423ed7","v":1,"at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"observed\",\"outcome\":\"positive\",\"summary\":\"Nearly every death was in a house nearer the Broad Street pump than any other, or of someone known to drink from it.\"}"},{"node":"n09a5133c39e4","v":1,"at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"observed\",\"outcome\":\"positive\",\"summary\":\"A widow in Hampstead, far from Soho, who had Broad Street water carried to her because she liked its taste, died of cholera; so did her niece who drank it with her.\"}"},{"node":"nb295aca65b02","v":1,"at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"measurements\":[{\"k\":5,\"key\":\"workhouse\",\"n\":535,\"name\":\"workhouse deaths\",\"result\":\"n3cf24d64db34\"}],\"scope\":\"The Golden Square (Soho) outbreak of late August and early September 1854, from Snow's house-to-house inquiry and the General Register Office death returns.\",\"statement\":\"The Golden Square outbreak was spread by water from the Broad Street pump: those who drank it died, while 5 of the 535 workhouse inmates, who had their own well, died.\"}"},{"node":"nae8360e1754b","v":1,"at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","reason":"","body":"{\"method\":\"Read Snow's account against what I know of my parishioners.\",\"notes\":\"The Broad Street water is thought the best in the parish. I expect a careful house-to-house inquiry to show the deaths followed the district's air, not one pump.\",\"official\":true,\"verdict\":\"objection\"}"},{"node":"n8c30c6785bb7","v":1,"at":"1854-09-08T10:00:00+00:00","by":"guardians","reason":"","body":"{\"alternatives\":[\"Wait for the official inquiry.\",\"Clean the streets and sewers (the miasma remedy).\"],\"choice\":\"Remove the handle of the Broad Street pump.\",\"meeting\":\"Board of Guardians, St James's parish, 7 September 1854\",\"reasons\":\"Snow's inquiry ties the deaths to the pump's water, and taking off the handle costs little if he is wrong.\",\"revisit_if\":\"The deaths turn out not to follow the pump.\"}"},{"node":"a-f2bcc57fcb74269f","v":1,"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"format\":\"csv\",\"path\":\"data/snow-1855-table-ix.csv\",\"sha256\":\"f2bcc57fcb74269fe59e6718a57f708e24f3c14744496750ca6186a0c1651691\",\"size\":142.0}"},{"node":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","v":1,"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"aim\":\"Compare cholera deaths in houses supplied by the two companies that share the same streets of south London.\",\"controls\":\"The two companies' pipes run down the same streets: the houses share elevation, air, poverty and drains, and differ in their water. Southwark and Vauxhall draws from the Thames below the sewer outfalls; Lambeth moved its intake upstream in 1852.\",\"method\":\"comparison by water company\",\"protocol\":\"For the first seven weeks of the 1854 epidemic, find which company supplied each house where a cholera death was registered, and divide by the houses each company supplies.\",\"success_criteria\":\"A large difference in deaths per house between the companies, or none.\"}"},{"node":"nd954e2844e39","v":1,"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"agent\",\"name\":\"Deaths by water company, first seven weeks of the 1854 epidemic\",\"state\":\"succeeded\"}"},{"node":"ne5e4c27bb25d","v":1,"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"computed\",\"outcome\":\"positive\",\"summary\":\"Southwark and Vauxhall houses: 1,263 deaths in 40,046 houses, 315 per 10,000. Lambeth: 98 in 26,107, 37 per 10,000. The rest of London: 59 per 10,000.\",\"values\":{\"lambeth\":{\"k\":98,\"n\":26107},\"lambeth_per_10000\":{\"value\":37},\"ratio\":{\"value\":8.5},\"rest_of_london\":{\"k\":1422,\"n\":256423},\"rest_per_10000\":{\"value\":59},\"southwark_vauxhall\":{\"k\":1263,\"n\":40046},\"sv_per_10000\":{\"value\":315}}}"},{"node":"na93bcbad24e4","v":1,"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"","body":"{\"limitations\":\"Which company supplied a house was found by asking, and for some by testing the water's salt; a few houses may be assigned to the wrong company.\",\"measurements\":[{\"key\":\"sv_per_10000\",\"name\":\"S&V rate\",\"result\":\"ne5e4c27bb25d\",\"value\":315},{\"key\":\"lambeth_per_10000\",\"name\":\"Lambeth rate\",\"result\":\"ne5e4c27bb25d\",\"value\":37},{\"key\":\"ratio\",\"name\":\"ratio\",\"result\":\"ne5e4c27bb25d\",\"value\":8.5}],\"scope\":\"South London, the first seven weeks of the 1854 epidemic, deaths per 10,000 houses by the company supplying each house.\",\"statement\":\"Houses supplied by the Southwark and Vauxhall Company had 315 cholera deaths per 10,000 houses against 37 for Lambeth — 8.5 times the rate, in the same streets.\"}"},{"node":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","v":1,"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"agent\",\"name\":\"Second house-to-house inquiry of Broad Street, for the parish's Cholera Inquiry Committee\",\"note\":\"A new inquiry by someone who expected the opposite answer, house by house, including those who had fled the district.\",\"state\":\"succeeded\"}"},{"node":"n335ea5d8b273","v":1,"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","reason":"","body":"{\"kind\":\"observed\",\"outcome\":\"positive\",\"summary\":\"Those who drank the pump water died at far higher rates than those who didn't. The first case was an infant at 40 Broad Street whose nappies were rinsed into a cesspool a few feet from the well.\"}"},{"node":"n568f5620d11d","v":1,"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","reason":"","body":"{\"method\":\"My own house-to-house inquiry.\",\"notes\":\"My objection doesn't survive my own data.\",\"official\":true,\"verdict\":\"resolved\"}"},{"node":"n18f1faf14c7a","v":1,"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","reason":"","body":"{\"method\":\"Independent house-to-house inquiry of the same outbreak.\",\"notes\":\"Reproduced on new data: the deaths follow the pump, and the well was contaminated from the cesspool at number 40.\",\"official\":true,\"verdict\":\"replicated\"}"},{"node":"nb295aca65b02","v":2,"at":"1855-06-01T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","reason":"State a limit Snow himself noted: the outbreak was already falling.","body":"{\"limitations\":\"The outbreak was already declining when the handle was removed, partly because so many had fled; the fall in deaths afterwards doesn't by itself show the pump was the cause.\",\"measurements\":[{\"k\":5,\"key\":\"workhouse\",\"n\":535,\"name\":\"workhouse deaths\",\"result\":\"n3cf24d64db34\"}],\"scope\":\"The Golden Square (Soho) outbreak of late August and early September 1854, from Snow's house-to-house inquiry and the General Register Office death returns.\",\"statement\":\"The Golden Square outbreak was spread by water from the Broad Street pump: those who drank it died, while 5 of the 535 workhouse inmates, who had their own well, died.\"}"},{"node":"n3e9f79b3f56a","v":1,"at":"1855-06-10T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","reason":"","body":"{\"method\":\"Read v2 against my inquiry.\",\"notes\":\"The added limitation is right and doesn't change the finding.\",\"official\":true,\"verdict\":\"checked\"}"},{"node":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","v":1,"at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","by":"you","reason":"","body":"{\"aim\":\"Repeat the water-company comparison in a different epidemic, to see whether it generalises.\",\"cost_minutes\":600.0,\"method\":\"comparison by water company, another epidemic\",\"power_check\":\"Plant a known two-fold difference in rates into the 1854 tallies and check the comparison finds it at the new epidemic's size.\",\"protocol\":\"Take a later epidemic's death returns by household water supply and compute deaths per 10,000 houses for each supplier in the same streets.\",\"success_criteria\":\"The same large gap between suppliers, or not.\"}"}],"edges":[{"id":1,"src":"n5f1217f3d4f6","src_v":1,"rel":"answers","dst":"n02f027f7667d","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":2,"src":"nfb64ab6c98f1","src_v":1,"rel":"answers","dst":"n02f027f7667d","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","by":"farr","why":""},{"id":3,"src":"nfb64ab6c98f1","src_v":1,"rel":"alternative_to","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","by":"farr","why":""},{"id":4,"src":"n36fa646073c6","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","by":"farr","why":"Farr's elevation law is what a poison in low-lying air predicts."},{"id":5,"src":"n0d665e810e99","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":"{\"expected\":\"Deaths cluster on the Broad Street pump; neighbours on other water are spared.\"}","at":"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":6,"src":"n0d665e810e99","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":"{\"expected\":\"Deaths spread over the district's low, crowded streets whatever the water.\"}","at":"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":7,"src":"n537505a6fd50","src_v":1,"rel":"executes","dst":"n0d665e810e99","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":8,"src":"n537505a6fd50","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"n3cf24d64db34","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":9,"src":"n537505a6fd50","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"ncc19af423ed7","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":10,"src":"n537505a6fd50","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"n09a5133c39e4","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":11,"src":"n3cf24d64db34","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"Neighbours on other water were spared, as H1 predicts."},{"id":12,"src":"ncc19af423ed7","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"The deaths cluster on one water source."},{"id":13,"src":"n09a5133c39e4","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"A death far away, linked only by the water."},{"id":14,"src":"nae8360e1754b","src_v":1,"rel":"reviews","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":15,"src":"n8c30c6785bb7","src_v":1,"rel":"based_on","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-09-08T10:00:00+00:00","by":"guardians","why":""},{"id":16,"src":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":"{\"expected\":\"Southwark and Vauxhall houses die at many times the Lambeth rate.\"}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":17,"src":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":"{\"expected\":\"Houses side by side die at the same rate whichever company supplies them.\"}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":18,"src":"nd954e2844e39","src_v":1,"rel":"executes","dst":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":19,"src":"nd954e2844e39","src_v":1,"rel":"uses","dst":"a-f2bcc57fcb74269f","dst_v":1,"data":"{\"role\":\"data\"}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":20,"src":"nd954e2844e39","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"ne5e4c27bb25d","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":21,"src":"ne5e4c27bb25d","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"Neighbours on different water died at very different rates, as H1 predicts."},{"id":22,"src":"ne5e4c27bb25d","src_v":1,"rel":"challenges","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"Houses on the same streets, at the same elevation and in the same air, died at 8.5 times the rate when their water came from Southwark and Vauxhall. Elevation can't produce that."},{"id":23,"src":"ne5e4c27bb25d","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"na93bcbad24e4","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"The tally by company is the measurement this claim states."},{"id":24,"src":"na93bcbad24e4","src_v":1,"rel":"requires","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":25,"src":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","src_v":1,"rel":"replicates","dst":"n537505a6fd50","dst_v":1,"data":"{\"differs\":\"new_data\"}","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":26,"src":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","src_v":1,"rel":"executes","dst":"n0d665e810e99","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":27,"src":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"n335ea5d8b273","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":28,"src":"n335ea5d8b273","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":"An independent inquiry, on new data, by a skeptic, finds the same pattern and the source of the contamination."},{"id":29,"src":"n568f5620d11d","src_v":1,"rel":"reviews","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":30,"src":"n18f1faf14c7a","src_v":1,"rel":"reviews","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":31,"src":"n3e9f79b3f56a","src_v":1,"rel":"reviews","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":2,"data":"{}","at":"1855-06-10T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":32,"src":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":"{\"expected\":\"Contaminated supply dies faster.\"}","at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","by":"you","why":""},{"id":33,"src":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":"{\"expected\":\"No difference between suppliers.\"}","at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","by":"you","why":""},{"id":34,"src":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","src_v":1,"rel":"motivated_by","dst":"na93bcbad24e4","dst_v":1,"data":"{}","at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","by":"you","why":""}],"withdrawals":[],"retractions":[],"leases":[],"derived":{"investigations":[{"id":"inv-65f957aa","type":"investigation","code":"INV1","inv":"","title":"How does cholera spread? Broad Street, 1854","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","fallen":false,"sentence":"active investigation"},"counts":{"question":1,"hypothesis":2,"result":6,"experiment":3,"run":3,"claim":2,"review":4,"decision":1,"artifact":1},"body":{"objective":"Find out how cholera passes from person to person — through the air of a district, or through water contaminated by the sick.","reviewers":["whitehead"],"scope":"London, the 1854 epidemic: the Golden Square (Soho) outbreak and the south London water supply.","success_criteria":"An observation that one hypothesis predicts and the other forbids.","title":"How does cholera spread? Broad Street, 1854"}}],"stats":{"seq":59,"nodes":24,"edges":34,"by_type":{"investigation":1,"question":1,"hypothesis":2,"result":6,"experiment":3,"run":3,"claim":2,"review":4,"decision":1,"artifact":1},"leases":0},"by_inv":{"inv-65f957aa":{"subgraph":{"seq":59,"nodes":[{"id":"inv-65f957aa","type":"investigation","code":"INV1","inv":"","title":"How does cholera spread? Broad Street, 1854","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","fallen":false,"sentence":"active investigation"}},{"id":"n02f027f7667d","type":"question","code":"Q1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"How is cholera communicated?","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","fallen":false,"sentence":"active question"}},{"id":"n5f1217f3d4f6","type":"hypothesis","code":"H1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Cholera is spread by swallowing something from the evacuations of the sick, most widely through drinking water contaminated with sewage.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"evidence":"agent_reported","independent_lines":1,"challenges":0,"unsupported":false,"fallen":false,"sentence":"active hypothesis · unchecked · 1 independent line of support · agent-reported run · no external replication"}},{"id":"nfb64ab6c98f1","type":"hypothesis","code":"H2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Cholera is caused by a poison in the air (miasma) of low-lying, crowded districts, so mortality falls as elevation rises.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"farr","at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"evidence":"unverified","independent_lines":1,"challenges":1,"unsupported":false,"fallen":false,"sentence":"active hypothesis · unchecked · 1 independent line of support · unverified report · no external replication · 1 challenge(s)"}},{"id":"n36fa646073c6","type":"result","code":"RS1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Across London's registration districts in the 1849 epidemic, cholera mortality fell steadily as elevation above the Thames rose.","kind":"observed","v":1,"by":"farr","at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"outcome":"positive","fallen":false,"sentence":"active result · unchecked · outcome positive"}},{"id":"n0d665e810e99","type":"experiment","code":"X1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Find what the victims of the Golden Square outbreak had in common.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"fallen":false,"sentence":"active experiment · unchecked"}},{"id":"n537505a6fd50","type":"run","code":"RUN1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"House-to-house inquiry, Golden Square district, September 1854","kind":"agent","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"execution":"succeeded","fallen":false,"sentence":"active run · unchecked · succeeded"}},{"id":"n3cf24d64db34","type":"result","code":"RS2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Of 535 inmates of the Poland Street workhouse, which had its own well, 5 died of cholera, though the houses around it were struck hard.","kind":"observed","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"outcome":"positive","fallen":false,"sentence":"active result · unchecked · outcome positive"}},{"id":"ncc19af423ed7","type":"result","code":"RS3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Nearly every death was in a house nearer the Broad Street pump than any other, or of someone known to drink from it.","kind":"observed","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"outcome":"positive","fallen":false,"sentence":"active result · unchecked · outcome positive"}},{"id":"n09a5133c39e4","type":"result","code":"RS4","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"A widow in Hampstead, far from Soho, who had Broad Street water carried to her because she liked its taste, died of cholera; so did her niece who drank it with her.","kind":"observed","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"outcome":"positive","fallen":false,"sentence":"active result · unchecked · outcome positive"}},{"id":"nb295aca65b02","type":"claim","code":"CL1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"The Golden Square outbreak was spread by water from the Broad Street pump: those who drank it died, while 5 of the 535 workhouse inmates, who had their own well, died.","kind":"","v":2,"by":"snow","at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"checked","positive":["whitehead:checked"],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":4,"comments":0},"bounds":[{"name":"workhouse deaths","k":5,"n":535,"rate":0.009345794392523364,"lo":0.00399838432344264,"hi":0.02168905786221894}],"evidence":"new_data","independent_lines":2,"challenges":0,"unsupported":false,"fallen":false,"sentence":"active claim · checked (whitehead:checked, v2) · 2 independent lines of support · replicated on new data · no external replication"}},{"id":"nae8360e1754b","type":"review","code":"RV1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"objection","kind":"objection","v":1,"by":"whitehead","at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","fallen":false,"sentence":"active review"}},{"id":"n8c30c6785bb7","type":"decision","code":"D1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Remove the handle of the Broad Street pump.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"guardians","at":"1854-09-08T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","basis_changed":[{"node":"nb295aca65b02","code":"CL1","was_v":1,"now_v":2}],"fallen":false,"sentence":"active decision · REVISIT — its basis changed: CL1 v1→v2"}},{"id":"a-f2bcc57fcb74269f","type":"artifact","code":"A1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"data/snow-1855-table-ix.csv","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","fallen":false,"sentence":"active artifact"}},{"id":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","type":"experiment","code":"X2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Compare cholera deaths in houses supplied by the two companies that share the same streets of south London.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"fallen":false,"sentence":"active experiment · unchecked"}},{"id":"nd954e2844e39","type":"run","code":"RUN2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Deaths by water company, first seven weeks of the 1854 epidemic","kind":"agent","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"execution":"succeeded","fallen":false,"sentence":"active run · unchecked · succeeded"}},{"id":"ne5e4c27bb25d","type":"result","code":"RS5","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Southwark and Vauxhall houses: 1,263 deaths in 40,046 houses, 315 per 10,000. Lambeth: 98 in 26,107, 37 per 10,000. The rest of London: 59 per 10,000.","kind":"computed","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"outcome":"positive","fallen":false,"sentence":"active result · unchecked · outcome positive"}},{"id":"na93bcbad24e4","type":"claim","code":"CL2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Houses supplied by the Southwark and Vauxhall Company had 315 cholera deaths per 10,000 houses against 37 for Lambeth — 8.5 times the rate, in the same streets.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"evidence":"agent_reported","independent_lines":1,"challenges":0,"unsupported":false,"fallen":false,"sentence":"active claim · unchecked · 1 independent line of support · agent-reported run · no external replication"}},{"id":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","type":"run","code":"RUN3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Second house-to-house inquiry of Broad Street, for the parish's Cholera Inquiry Committee","kind":"agent","v":1,"by":"whitehead","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"execution":"succeeded","fallen":false,"sentence":"active run · unchecked · succeeded"}},{"id":"n335ea5d8b273","type":"result","code":"RS6","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Those who drank the pump water died at far higher rates than those who didn't. The first case was an infant at 40 Broad Street whose nappies were rinsed into a cesspool a few feet from the well.","kind":"observed","v":1,"by":"whitehead","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"outcome":"positive","fallen":false,"sentence":"active result · unchecked · outcome positive"}},{"id":"n568f5620d11d","type":"review","code":"RV2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"resolved","kind":"resolved","v":1,"by":"whitehead","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","fallen":false,"sentence":"active review"}},{"id":"n18f1faf14c7a","type":"review","code":"RV3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"replicated","kind":"replicated","v":1,"by":"whitehead","at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","fallen":false,"sentence":"active review"}},{"id":"n3e9f79b3f56a","type":"review","code":"RV4","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"checked","kind":"checked","v":1,"by":"whitehead","at":"1855-06-10T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","fallen":false,"sentence":"active review"}},{"id":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","type":"experiment","code":"X3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Repeat the water-company comparison in a different epidemic, to see whether it generalises.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"you","at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"fallen":false,"sentence":"active experiment · unchecked"}}],"edges":[{"id":1,"src":"n5f1217f3d4f6","src_v":1,"rel":"answers","dst":"n02f027f7667d","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-01T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":2,"src":"nfb64ab6c98f1","src_v":1,"rel":"answers","dst":"n02f027f7667d","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","by":"farr","why":""},{"id":3,"src":"nfb64ab6c98f1","src_v":1,"rel":"alternative_to","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","by":"farr","why":""},{"id":4,"src":"n36fa646073c6","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-01T11:00:00+00:00","by":"farr","why":"Farr's elevation law is what a poison in low-lying air predicts."},{"id":5,"src":"n0d665e810e99","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":{"expected":"Deaths cluster on the Broad Street pump; neighbours on other water are spared."},"at":"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":6,"src":"n0d665e810e99","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":{"expected":"Deaths spread over the district's low, crowded streets whatever the water."},"at":"1854-09-03T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":7,"src":"n537505a6fd50","src_v":1,"rel":"executes","dst":"n0d665e810e99","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":8,"src":"n537505a6fd50","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"n3cf24d64db34","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":9,"src":"n537505a6fd50","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"ncc19af423ed7","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":10,"src":"n537505a6fd50","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"n09a5133c39e4","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-06T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":11,"src":"n3cf24d64db34","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"Neighbours on other water were spared, as H1 predicts."},{"id":12,"src":"ncc19af423ed7","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"The deaths cluster on one water source."},{"id":13,"src":"n09a5133c39e4","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"A death far away, linked only by the water."},{"id":14,"src":"nae8360e1754b","src_v":1,"rel":"reviews","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-07T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":15,"src":"n8c30c6785bb7","src_v":1,"rel":"based_on","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-09-08T10:00:00+00:00","by":"guardians","why":""},{"id":16,"src":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":{"expected":"Southwark and Vauxhall houses die at many times the Lambeth rate."},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":17,"src":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":{"expected":"Houses side by side die at the same rate whichever company supplies them."},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":18,"src":"nd954e2844e39","src_v":1,"rel":"executes","dst":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":19,"src":"nd954e2844e39","src_v":1,"rel":"uses","dst":"a-f2bcc57fcb74269f","dst_v":1,"data":{"role":"data"},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":20,"src":"nd954e2844e39","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"ne5e4c27bb25d","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":21,"src":"ne5e4c27bb25d","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"Neighbours on different water died at very different rates, as H1 predicts."},{"id":22,"src":"ne5e4c27bb25d","src_v":1,"rel":"challenges","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"Houses on the same streets, at the same elevation and in the same air, died at 8.5 times the rate when their water came from Southwark and Vauxhall. Elevation can't produce that."},{"id":23,"src":"ne5e4c27bb25d","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"na93bcbad24e4","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":"The tally by company is the measurement this claim states."},{"id":24,"src":"na93bcbad24e4","src_v":1,"rel":"requires","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","by":"snow","why":""},{"id":25,"src":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","src_v":1,"rel":"replicates","dst":"n537505a6fd50","dst_v":1,"data":{"differs":"new_data"},"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":26,"src":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","src_v":1,"rel":"executes","dst":"n0d665e810e99","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":27,"src":"n1ba22d6c7fe1","src_v":1,"rel":"produced","dst":"n335ea5d8b273","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":28,"src":"n335ea5d8b273","src_v":1,"rel":"supports","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":"An independent inquiry, on new data, by a skeptic, finds the same pattern and the source of the contamination."},{"id":29,"src":"n568f5620d11d","src_v":1,"rel":"reviews","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":30,"src":"n18f1faf14c7a","src_v":1,"rel":"reviews","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"1855-04-15T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":31,"src":"n3e9f79b3f56a","src_v":1,"rel":"reviews","dst":"nb295aca65b02","dst_v":2,"data":{},"at":"1855-06-10T10:00:00+00:00","by":"whitehead","why":""},{"id":32,"src":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"n5f1217f3d4f6","dst_v":1,"data":{"expected":"Contaminated supply dies faster."},"at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","by":"you","why":""},{"id":33,"src":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","src_v":1,"rel":"tests","dst":"nfb64ab6c98f1","dst_v":1,"data":{"expected":"No difference between suppliers."},"at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","by":"you","why":""},{"id":34,"src":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","src_v":1,"rel":"motivated_by","dst":"na93bcbad24e4","dst_v":1,"data":{},"at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","by":"you","why":""}]},"work":{"leases":[],"review_queue":[{"id":"na93bcbad24e4","type":"claim","code":"CL2","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Houses supplied by the Southwark and Vauxhall Company had 315 cholera deaths per 10,000 houses against 37 for Lambeth — 8.5 times the rate, in the same streets.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"snow","at":"1854-11-20T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"evidence":"agent_reported","independent_lines":1,"challenges":0,"unsupported":false,"fallen":false,"sentence":"active claim · unchecked · 1 independent line of support · agent-reported run · no external replication"}}],"revalidation":[],"contested":[],"decisions_to_revisit":[{"id":"n8c30c6785bb7","type":"decision","code":"D1","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Remove the handle of the Broad Street pump.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"guardians","at":"1854-09-08T10:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","basis_changed":[{"node":"nb295aca65b02","code":"CL1","was_v":1,"now_v":2}],"fallen":false,"sentence":"active decision · REVISIT — its basis changed: CL1 v1→v2"}}],"duplicates":[]},"next":{"ranked":[{"experiment":{"id":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","type":"experiment","code":"X3","inv":"inv-65f957aa","title":"Repeat the water-company comparison in a different epidemic, to see whether it generalises.","kind":"","v":1,"by":"you","at":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","state":{"lifecycle":"active","review":{"state":"unchecked","positive":[],"negative":[],"open_objections":[],"reviews":0,"comments":0},"fallen":false,"sentence":"active experiment · unchecked"}},"separates":2,"power_check":true,"cost_minutes":600.0,"score":0.325,"duplicate":false,"lease":null}],"untested_hypotheses":[],"rule":"score = hypotheses it separates (distinct expected outcomes) × 1.5 if it can show its own power ÷ log2(2 + cost in minutes); duplicates and leased work last"},"report":{"inv":"inv-65f957aa","code":"INV1","title":"How does cholera spread? Broad Street, 1854","state":"active","objective":"Find out how cholera passes from person to person — through the air of a district, or through water contaminated by the sick.","claims":[{"id":"nb295aca65b02","code":"CL1","type":"claim","title":"The Golden Square outbreak was spread by water from the Broad Street pump: those who drank it died, while 5 of the 535 workhouse inmates, who had their own well","lifecycle":"active","review":"checked","verdicts":["whitehead: objection (RV1, on v1)","whitehead: resolved (RV2, on v1)","whitehead: replicated (RV3, on v1)","whitehead: checked (RV4, on v2)"],"v":2,"evidence":"new_data","lines":2},{"id":"na93bcbad24e4","code":"CL2","type":"claim","title":"Houses supplied by the Southwark and Vauxhall Company had 315 cholera deaths per 10,000 houses against 37 for Lambeth — 8.5 times the rate, in the same streets.","lifecycle":"active","review":"unchecked","verdicts":[],"v":1,"evidence":"agent_reported","lines":1}],"results":[{"id":"n36fa646073c6","code":"RS1","type":"result","title":"Across London's registration districts in the 1849 epidemic, cholera mortality fell steadily as elevation above the Thames rose.","outcome":"positive","by":"farr","in_a_claim":false,"lifecycle":"active"},{"id":"n3cf24d64db34","code":"RS2","type":"result","title":"Of 535 inmates of the Poland Street workhouse, which had its own well, 5 died of cholera, though the houses around it were struck hard.","outcome":"positive","by":"snow","in_a_claim":true,"lifecycle":"active"},{"id":"ncc19af423ed7","code":"RS3","type":"result","title":"Nearly every death was in a house nearer the Broad Street pump than any other, or of someone known to drink from it.","outcome":"positive","by":"snow","in_a_claim":true,"lifecycle":"active"},{"id":"n09a5133c39e4","code":"RS4","type":"result","title":"A widow in Hampstead, far from Soho, who had Broad Street water carried to her because she liked its taste, died of cholera; so did her niece who drank it with ","outcome":"positive","by":"snow","in_a_claim":true,"lifecycle":"active"},{"id":"ne5e4c27bb25d","code":"RS5","type":"result","title":"Southwark and Vauxhall houses: 1,263 deaths in 40,046 houses, 315 per 10,000. Lambeth: 98 in 26,107, 37 per 10,000. The rest of London: 59 per 10,000.","outcome":"positive","by":"snow","in_a_claim":true,"lifecycle":"active"},{"id":"n335ea5d8b273","code":"RS6","type":"result","title":"Those who drank the pump water died at far higher rates than those who didn't. The first case was an infant at 40 Broad Street whose nappies were rinsed into a ","outcome":"positive","by":"whitehead","in_a_claim":true,"lifecycle":"active"}],"hypotheses":[{"id":"n5f1217f3d4f6","code":"H1","type":"hypothesis","title":"Cholera is spread by swallowing something from the evacuations of the sick, most widely through drinking water contaminated with sewage.","lifecycle":"active","support":1,"challenges":0},{"id":"nfb64ab6c98f1","code":"H2","type":"hypothesis","title":"Cholera is caused by a poison in the air (miasma) of low-lying, crowded districts, so mortality falls as elevation rises.","lifecycle":"active","support":1,"challenges":1}],"experiments":[{"id":"n0d665e810e99","code":"X1","type":"experiment","title":"n0d665e810e99","preregistered":true,"tests":["H1","H2"],"executed":true,"lifecycle":"active"},{"id":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","code":"X2","type":"experiment","title":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","preregistered":true,"tests":["H1","H2"],"executed":true,"lifecycle":"active"},{"id":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","code":"X3","type":"experiment","title":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","preregistered":true,"tests":["H1","H2"],"executed":false,"lifecycle":"active"}],"open":{"claims_unreviewed":["CL2"],"claims_contested":[],"results_in_no_claim":["RS1"],"experiments_not_preregistered":[]},"spend":{"usd":0.0,"calls":0,"reviews":4,"usd_per_verdict":null,"last_moved":"2026-10-24T12:00:00+00:00","metered":false},"seq":59,"markdown":"## Facts from the research graph — INV1 How does cholera spread? Broad Street, 1854 (active)\n_Generated from the record at event 59; do not edit — regenerate it from the graph. Interpretation goes below this section._\n\n### Claims\n\n| claim | standing | review | verdicts | statement |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| CL1 v2 | active | checked | whitehead: objection (RV1, on v1); whitehead: resolved (RV2, on v1); whitehead: replicated (RV3, on v1); whitehead: checked (RV4, on v2) | The Golden Square outbreak was spread by water from the Broad Street pump: those who drank it died, while 5 of the 535 workhouse inmates, who had their own well |\n| CL2 v1 | active | unchecked | - | Houses supplied by the Southwark and Vauxhall Company had 315 cholera deaths per 10,000 houses against 37 for Lambeth — 8.5 times the rate, in the same streets. |\n\n### Results\n\n| result | outcome | by | carried by a claim | summary |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| RS1 | positive | farr | NO | Across London's registration districts in the 1849 epidemic, cholera mortality fell steadily as elevation above the Thames rose. |\n| RS2 | positive | snow | yes | Of 535 inmates of the Poland Street workhouse, which had its own well, 5 died of cholera, though the houses around it were struck hard. |\n| RS3 | positive | snow | yes | Nearly every death was in a house nearer the Broad Street pump than any other, or of someone known to drink from it. |\n| RS4 | positive | snow | yes | A widow in Hampstead, far from Soho, who had Broad Street water carried to her because she liked its taste, died of cholera; so did her niece who drank it with  |\n| RS5 | positive | snow | yes | Southwark and Vauxhall houses: 1,263 deaths in 40,046 houses, 315 per 10,000. Lambeth: 98 in 26,107, 37 per 10,000. The rest of London: 59 per 10,000. |\n| RS6 | positive | whitehead | yes | Those who drank the pump water died at far higher rates than those who didn't. The first case was an infant at 40 Broad Street whose nappies were rinsed into a  |\n\n### Hypotheses\n\n- H1 (active; support lines 1, challenges 0): Cholera is spread by swallowing something from the evacuations of the sick, most widely through drinking water contaminated with sewage.\n- H2 (active; support lines 1, challenges 1): Cholera is caused by a poison in the air (miasma) of low-lying, crowded districts, so mortality falls as elevation rises.\n\n### Experiments\n\n- X1 tests H1, H2: preregistered, run — n0d665e810e99\n- X2 tests H1, H2: preregistered, run — n3c1f1e0e03c6\n- X3 tests H1, H2: preregistered, not run — n9dfe8b1ca19d\n\n### Open items\n\n- claims not yet reviewed: CL2\n- claims contested: none\n- results no claim carries (their conclusions are unreviewed): RS1\n- experiments not preregistered: none"}}},"verify":{"ok":true,"checked":59,"head":"da6b64b8a425ac98377a41d30c9003ef78d4e1736127ae44f609dba8357a2c41"}},"story":[{"at":"1854-09-01","actor":"snow","text":"Opens the investigation.","node":"inv-65f957aa","code":"INV1"},{"at":"1854-09-01","actor":"snow","text":"Hypothesis H1: cholera travels in contaminated water.","node":"n5f1217f3d4f6","code":"H1"},{"at":"1854-09-01","actor":"farr","text":"Hypothesis H2: a poison in the air of low ground — the elevation law.","node":"nfb64ab6c98f1","code":"H2"},{"at":"1854-09-01","actor":"farr","text":"Farr's 1849 returns: mortality falls with elevation. It supports H2 — but note the limitation he didn't control for.","node":"n36fa646073c6","code":"RS1"},{"at":"1854-09-03","actor":"snow","text":"Plans the inquiry and writes down, before looking, what each hypothesis expects.","node":"n0d665e810e99","code":"X1"},{"at":"1854-09-06","actor":"snow","text":"Results: the workhouse with its own well (5 of 535 died); the map; the Hampstead widow.","node":"n3cf24d64db34","code":"RS2"},{"at":"1854-09-07","actor":"you","text":"Tries to write: \"Every death was near the pump.\"","refused":"claim refused:\n- 'every' is absolute: back it with a k/n measurement of what it's about, where k is 0 or n, and keep the scope to the trials actually run — or say 'rarely' / 'in k of n' [ABSOLUTE_WITHOUT_COUNT]"},{"at":"1854-09-07","actor":"snow","text":"Claim CL1: the outbreak was spread by the Broad Street pump — numbers bound to RS1.","node":"nb295aca65b02","code":"CL1"},{"at":"1854-09-07","actor":"whitehead","text":"The curate of St Luke's objects — and sets out to prove Snow wrong.","node":"nb295aca65b02","code":"CL1"},{"at":"1854-09-08","actor":"guardians","text":"Decision D1: take the handle off the pump — pinned to CL1 as it stood.","node":"n8c30c6785bb7","code":"D1"},{"at":"1854-09-08","actor":"you","text":"Tries to write: \"Removing the handle ended the epidemic\", with nothing behind it.","refused":"claim refused:\n- scope: say under which conditions this holds (the data, method, sample) — at least a sentence [SCOPE_MISSING]\n- link the evidence: at least one result, claim or source that supports it (links: {\"rel\": \"supports\", \"from\": <result id>, \"why\": …}) [EVIDENCE_MISSING]"},{"at":"1854-11-20","actor":"snow","text":"Plans the grand experiment: neighbours, same air, different water.","node":"n3c1f1e0e03c6","code":"X2"},{"at":"1854-11-20","actor":"snow","text":"Result RS: 315 against 37 deaths per 10,000 houses. It supports H1 and challenges H2.","node":"ne5e4c27bb25d","code":"RS5"},{"at":"1854-11-20","actor":"you","text":"Tries to file it as an exclusion: \"This rules out the miasma theory.\"","refused":"claim refused:\n- an exclusion needs a search that recovered a planted answer (a result with power=demonstrated, or a run of an experiment with a power_check) — otherwise file it as inconclusive. [EXCLUSION_WITHOUT_POWER]"},{"at":"1854-11-20","actor":"snow","text":"Claim CL2: 8.5 times the rate in the same streets — every number bound to the result.","node":"na93bcbad24e4","code":"CL2"},{"at":"1855-04-15","actor":"whitehead","text":"Whitehead's own inquiry, on new data, finds the pattern — and the first case.","node":"n335ea5d8b273","code":"RS6"},{"at":"1855-04-15","actor":"whitehead","text":"Resolves his own objection and records CL1 as replicated.","node":"nb295aca65b02","code":"CL1"},{"at":"1855-06-01","actor":"snow","text":"Revises CL1 to add a limitation. Whitehead's check was on v1, so it is stale now; and D1 rested on v1, so it is flagged REVISIT.","node":"nb295aca65b02","code":"CL1"},{"at":"1855-06-10","actor":"whitehead","text":"Checks v2. CL1 is checked again; D1 still says REVISIT until the guardians look.","node":"nb295aca65b02","code":"CL1"},{"at":"2026-10-24","actor":"you","text":"Plans the follow-up the record ranks first: it separates H1 from H2, and can show its own power.","node":"n9dfe8b1ca19d","code":"X3"}]}